EDUCATION
APR 30, 2022
The Origin And Development Of School
This is a brief explanation of school formats from hundred of years ago in human civilization.
OVERVIEW
Schools exist since the dawn of human civilization for survival. Each generation feels the need to pass on the knowledge, skills, values and traditions that have been accumulated to the next generation.
Schools are held to educate children to understand the lives of the people around them, so that children are motivated to continue learning about a science they are engaged in.
EARLY FORM
The ancient schools of yesteryear are not like the schools we know today. The earliest schools often focused more on teaching skills and continuing the values of belief, rather than teaching specific subjects as is common today.
Reporting from Science Trends, the first ideas about formal schools and education can be known as early as 500 AD in Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome and even Ancient Egypt.
In ancient Athens, it is suspected that the first founders were Plato and Aristophanes, because both of them left notes about schools/classrooms.
In Alexandria, Egypt the existence of the Alexandria Library shows that literacy (literacy) is an important focus for many schools in Egypt various civilizations.
During the Middle Ages, mathematics became the main focus of education. During the Renaissance, science became the focus of education.
The first higher education institution in the world was the University of Bologna, which was founded in 1088, which is the oldest university in the world. It started from a group of students who recruited educators to teach various things.
The emergence of the first public schools in the United States, in the 17th century was by the 13 native colonies. For example, the Boston Latin School, founded in 1635, is the first public school and the oldest existing school in the country.
HOMEWORK ORIGIN
The originator and creator of the first homework was a teacher from Venice, Italy named Roberto Nevilis in 1905. Homework was created because Roberto Nevilis saw that his students were the children of economically affluent parents.
Written on througheducation, Roberto Nevilis gives homework as a way to punish students who are lazy and often violate school rules. This was a method to ensure that they fully learn the lessons.
Homework is given almost every day after the lesson is over. It turns out that the system is able to make students become diligent and improve skills and independence. Since then the homework method has become a trend and has grown until now.
ORGANIZED EDUCATION ERA
In 1837, Massachusetts Secretary of Education Horace Mann set out a vision for a professional teacher system that would teach students an organized curriculum of basic content. For this reason, Mann is often called the “Father of the Public School Movement.”
In 1918, every state required students to complete elementary school. Since then, educational advancements have grown rapidly during the 20th century, leading to the sophisticated systems that we enjoy today.
Horace Mann put forward six principles about public education. Although at the time it was considered quite controversial, these principles were adopted and enforced :
1. Citizens can’t be free and don’t care.
2. Society needs to pay for, maintain and control education.
3. Children of all grades must have the same school.
4. Education must be non-secular (meaning not religious).
5. Education needs to use the principles of a free society.
6. Educators and teachers need to be trained professionally.
STATUS
According to their status, the type of school is divided into:
- State schools, namely schools organized by the government, ranging from elementary schools, junior high schools, high schools, and universities.
- Private schools, namely schools that are run by non-government/private sectors, the organizers are in the form of an educational foundation, which until now the legal entity that provides education is still in the form of a draft government regulation.
SCHOOL IN INDONESIA
Taman Siswa is the first formal school in Indonesia. Taman Siswa (Taman means a place to play or study, and Siswa means students) was founded by Ki Hadjar Dewantara on July 3, 1922 in Yogyakarta.
Taman Siswa was a form of resistance against Dutch colonialism in Indonesia. Taman Siswa’s model of resistance is not in the form of a political party. Taman Siswa was established to oppose colonialism through education and culture. In fulfilling its goals, Taman Siswa gathers scholars from various regions in Indonesia.
related post